One of the most poorly known groups of all reef animals found in the Indo-Pacific. Most researchers believe that only about half of the 2500-3000 species of sponges have been described. Much of the existing literature dates back to the early part of the century, a time when sponge taxonomy was based largely on dried specimens and microscopic analysis of their skeletal structures. Identifications based solely on photographs should be considered as nothing more than "best guesses".
Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
Uncategorized: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
Class Demospongiae
Xestospongia Testudinaria Sp. (Barrel Sponge) Most easily recognized sponge on coral reefs due to its large size and characteristic barrel shape. The surface is deeply ridged. Found singularly or in small groups on coral flats and reef faces. (1) (2)
Stylinos Sp. (Encrusting Sponge) A common soft sponge that has a net-like tissue and forms a fibrous skeleton. (1)
Leucetta Sp. (Calcareous Sponge) Is distinguished by its spiculous yellow lobes and typically occurs in reef caves and deep drop-offs or reef slopes. (1) (2)
Kallypilidion Sp. (Tube Sponge) A slender tube sponge usually with numerous tubes arising adjacent to one another. The overall color is pink. Commonly encountered on reef slopes. (1)
Phyllospongia Sp. (Fan Sponge) This species forms leaf-like growths and has algal symbionts on its body. (1) (2)
Theonella Sp. (Cigar Sponge) Robust, cigar-shaped tube sponge. Colonies may be slightly branched or appear as two or more fused individuals. Color is brown with ochre around the oscula. (1)
*Reference: Philippine Coral Reefs A Natural History Guide By Alan T. White & Coral Reef Animals Of The Indo-Pacific By Terrence M. Gosliner, David W. Beherens, Garry C. Williams
*Photos: Are Full Moon Divers. All Rights Reserved.